Promotion effect of FGF23 on osteopenia in congenital scoliosis through FGFr3/TNAP/OPN pathway / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a complex spinal malformation of unknown etiology with abnormal bone metabolism. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes, can inhibit bone formation and mineralization. This research aims to investigate the relationship between CS and FGF23.@*METHODS@#We collected peripheral blood from two pairs of identical twins for methylation sequencing of the target region. FGF23 mRNA levels in the peripheral blood of CS patients and age-matched controls were measured. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of FGF23. The expression levels of FGF23 and its downstream factors fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFr3)/tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP)/osteopontin (OPN) in primary osteoblasts from CS patients (CS-Ob) and controls (CT-Ob) were detected. In addition, the osteogenic abilities of FGF23-knockdown or FGF23-overexpressing Ob were examined.@*RESULTS@#DNA methylation of the FGF23 gene in CS patients was decreased compared to that of their identical twins, accompanied by increased mRNA levels. CS patients had increased peripheral blood FGF23 mRNA levels and decreased computed tomography (CT) values compared with controls. The FGF23 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with the CT value of the spine, and ROCs of FGF23 mRNA levels showed high sensitivity and specificity for CS. Additionally, significantly increased levels of FGF23, FGFr3, OPN, impaired osteogenic mineralization and lower TNAP levels were observed in CS-Ob. Moreover, FGF23 overexpression in CT-Ob increased FGFr3 and OPN levels and decreased TNAP levels, while FGF23 knockdown induced downregulation of FGFr3 and OPN but upregulation of TNAP in CS-Ob. Mineralization of CS-Ob was rescued after FGF23 knockdown.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our results suggested increased peripheral blood FGF23 levels, decreased bone mineral density in CS patients, and a good predictive ability of CS by peripheral blood FGF23 levels. FGF23 may contribute to osteopenia in CS patients through FGFr3/TNAP / OPN pathway.

Prevalence of scoliosis in Williams-Beuren syndrome patients treated at a regional reference center

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the prevalence of scoliosis and the patterns of scoliotic curves in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome. Williams-Beuren syndrome is caused by a chromosome 7q11.23 deletion in a region containing 28 genes, with the gene encoding elastin situated approximately at the midpoint of the deletion. Mutation of the elastin gene leads to phenotypic changes in patients, including neurodevelopmental impairment of varying degrees, characteristic facies, cardiovascular abnormalities, hypercalcemia, urological dysfunctions, and bone and joint dysfunctions. METHODS: A total of 41 patients diagnosed with Williams-Beuren syndrome, who were followed up at the genetics ambulatory center of a large referral hospital, were included in the study. There were 25 male subjects. The patients were examined and submitted to radiographic investigation for Cobb angle calculation. RESULTS: It was observed that 14 patients had scoliosis; of these 14 patients, 10 were male. The pattern of deformity in younger patients was that of flexible and simple curves, although adults presented with double and triple curves. Statistical analysis showed no relationships between scoliosis and age or sex. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a prevalence of scoliosis in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome of 34.1%; however, age and sex were not significantly associated with scoliosis or with the severity of the curves. .

Polimorfismo do gene da eca e da a-actinina 3 na escoliose idiopática do adolescente / Polymorphism of the ace gene and the a-actinin-3 gene in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Objetivo: O polimorfismo da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) I/D e da α-actinina 3 (ACTN3) R577X está relacionado a variações na função do musculoesquelético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição destes polimorfismos em uma família com múltiplos membros com escoliose idiopática do adolescente. Métodos: avaliação de 25 indivíduos de uma família, com múltiplos membros com escoliose idiopática, por meio da coleta de 10 ml de sangue para extração de DNA. A genotipagem do polimorfismo I/D do gene da ECA e R577X do gene da ACTN3 foi realizada utilizando sistema de 2 iniciadores (‘‘primers’’) específicos, para classificar os indivíduos em homozigotos ou heterozigotos. Resultados: Em relação ao polimorfismo da ECA encontrou-se 19 indivíduos DD (76%) e 6 ID (24%). A prevalência do alelo D foi de 88% e do alelo I foi de 12%. Quanto ao polimorfismo da ACTN3 observou-se seis indivíduos RR (24%), 11 RX (44%) e 8 XX (32%). A prevalência do alelo R foi 23 (46%) e do alelo X foi 27 (54%). Conclusão: observou-se diferença entre a distribuição do polimorfismo da ECA e da ACTN3 na família estudada. Ao avaliar o polimorfismo da ECA notou-se maior prevalência do alelo D em relação ao alelo I. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Clinico, Transversal.

Objective: The I/D polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and R577X of the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is related to changes in skeletal muscle function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of these polymorphisms in a family with multiple members with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods: evaluated 25 subjects from a family with multiple members with AIS, by collecting 10mL of blood for DNA isolation. The genotyping of the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene and the R577X of the ACTN3 gene was performed using two specific primers to classify individuals as homozygous or heterozygous. Results: regarding the ACE polymorphism it was found that 19 (76%) subjects were DD and 6 (24%) ID. The prevalence of the D allele was 88% and the I allele was 12%. Regarding the ACTN3 polymorphism there were 6 subjects RR (24%), 11 RX (44%) and 8 XX (32%). The prevalence of the R allele was 23 (46%) and the X allele was 27 (54%). Conclusion: there was a difference between the distribution of the polymorphism of ACE and ACTN3 in the family studied. When assessing the ACE polymorphism a higher prevalence of the D allele was observed as compared with the I allele. Level of Evidence III, Cross-sectional, Clinical Trial.

Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Korea: For Personalized Treatment

PURPOSE: The incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has rapidly increased, and with it, physician consultations and expenditures (about one and a half times) in the last 5 years. Recent etiological studies reveal that AIS is a complex genetic disorder that results from the interaction of multiple gene loci and the environment. For personalized treatment of AIS, a tool that can accurately measure the progression of Cobb's angle would be of great use. Gene analysis utilizing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been developed as a diagnostic tool for use in Caucasians but not Koreans. Therefore, we attempted to reveal AIS-related genes and their relevance in Koreans, exploring the potential use of gene analysis as a diagnostic tool for personalized treatment of AIS therein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 68 Korean AIS and 35 age- and sex-matched, healthy adolescents were enrolled in this study and were examined for 10 candidate scoliosis gene SNPs. RESULTS: This study revealed that the SNPs of rs2449539 in lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4 beta (LAPTM4B) and rs5742612 in upstream and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were associated with both susceptibility to and curve severity in AIS. The results suggested that both LAPTM4B and IGF1 genes were important in AIS predisposition and progression. CONCLUSION: Thus, on the basis of this study, if more SNPs or candidate genes are studied in a larger population in Korea, personalized treatment of Korean AIS patients might become a possibility.

Genetic markers for idiopathic scoliosis on chromosome 19p 13.3 among Saudi Arabian girls: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Genetic locus linked to chromosome 19p for Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been described. This study was carried out with the aim to find any significant linkage or association between three microsatellite markers (D19S216, D19S894, and DS1034) of chromosome 19p13.3 in Saudi Arabian girls with AIS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In eleven unrelated Saudi Arabian girls who were treated for AIS with Cobb angle of ≥30 degrees and in 10 unrelated healthy individuals, linkage analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods by use of GENEHUNTER version 2.1. Multipoint linkage analysis was used in specifying an autosomal dominant trait with a gene frequency of 0.01 and an estimated penetrance of 80% at the genotype and the allele level. Fisher's exact test was used in the analysis of contingency tables for the D19S216, D19S894, and DS1034 markers. RESULTS: The analysis between the patient group and healthy girls showed that at genotypic level there was no significant association of the markers and scoliosis D19S216 (P = 0.21), D19S894 (P = 0.37), and DS1034 (P = 0.25). Whereas, at the allele level, there was statistically significant association between the marker DS1034 (P = 0.008) and no significant association with the other two markers D19S216 (P = 0.25) and D19S894 (P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that at genotypic level none of the markers reported earlier were associated with scoliosis but at allele level, marker DS1034 was significantly associated with patients with AIS. This allele marker on chromosome 19p appears important in the etiology of AIS.

Variações na apresentação fenotípica da escoliose idiopática do adolescente / Variations in the phenotypic presentation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / Discordancia fenotípica en gemelos monocigóticos

OBJETIVO: discutir quais elementos, de acordo com a literatura, são responsáveis pela discordância fenotípica em gêmeos monozigóticos. MÉTODOS: foram levantados os dados ambulatoriais de um par de gêmeas monozigóticas, que incluíram: idade no momento do diagnóstico, tipo de curva, ângulo de Cobb da deformidade na consulta inicial, início do tratamento e último acompanhamento, ápice da curva e ângulo de Cobb aferido nas imagens radiográficas em perfil. RESULTADOS: criança I: curva principal lombar à esquerda, com ângulo de Cobb entre T11-L4 de 17º, e curva torácica direita entre T5-T11 de 14º. Os ápices encontravam-se no disco L1-L2 e na vértebra T8, respectivamente. Um ano depois, se detectou progressão significativa da deformidade, com a curva lombar evoluindo para 24º (T11-L4) e a curva torácica para 23º (T5-T11). Criança II: curva toracolombar de pequena magnitude à direita, com ângulo de Cobb entre T9 e L3 de 18º. O ápice situava-se na vértebra de T12. Um ano depois, observou-se aumento da curva, com o ângulo de Cobb progredindo para 40º...

OBJECTIVE: to discuss which elements, according to literature, are responsible for phenotypic discordance in monozygotic twins. METHODS: the data from a pair of female monozygotic twins were gathered. These data included their age at the time of the diagnosis, type of curve, Cobb angle of the deformity at the time of the initial consultation, dates of the start of treatment and the last follow-up, the apex of the curve and Cobb angle measured from radiological images in lateral view. RESULTS: child I: major lumbar curve to the left, with a Cobb angle of 17º between T11 and L4, and a thoracic curve to the right, with an angle of 14º between T5 and T11. The apices were at the L1-L2 disc and at the T8 vertebra, respectively. One year after the first consultation, there had been significant progression of the deformity, with the lumbar curve of 24º (T11-L4) and the thoracic curve of 23º (T5-T11). Child II: small thoracolumbar deformity to the right, which was confirmed radiographically with a Cobb angle of 18º between T9 and L3. The apex was located at the T12 vertebra. One year later, it was observed that the curve had increased, and the Cobb angle had become 40º...

OBJETIVO: discutir los elementos que, de acuerdo a la literatura, son responsables por la discordancia fenotípica en gemelos monocigóticos. MÉTODOS: fueron recogidos los datos de un par de pacientes gemelas monocigóticas, que incluyeron la edad al diagnóstico, el tipo de curva, el ángulo de Cobb de la deformidad en la presentación, al inició del tratamiento y a la última consulta de seguimiento, el ápice de la curva y el ángulo de Cobb medido en las imágenes en el perfil. RESULTADOS: niña I - curva lumbar primaria a la izquierda con el ángulo de Cobb entre T11-L4 de 17º y la curva torácica derecha entre T5-T11 de 14º. Los ápices estaban en el disco L1-L2 y en la vértebra T8, respectivamente. Un año después, se detectó progresión significativa de la deformidad con la curva lumbar progresando a 24º (T11-L4), y la curva torácica a 23º (T5-T11). Niña II: curva toracolumbar de pequeña magnitud a la derecha, con ángulo de Cobb entre T9 y L3 de 18º. El ápice se encuentra en la vértebra T12. Después de un año, hubo un aumento de la curva, con el ángulo de Cobb progresando hasta 40º...

Presencia de alteraciones en otros sistemas asociados a escoliosis congénita / Abnormalities in other systems associated with congenital scoliosis

Realizamos un estudio observacional, tipo serie de casos, para determinar la asociación entre la escoliosis congénita y los defectos congénitos: intra espinales, cardíacos y renales; evaluando así la utilidad de solicitar en todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de escoliosis congénita: una resonancia magnética de columna total, un ecocardiograma y una ecografía renal como estudios rutinarios una vez diagnosticada la escoliosis. Se revisaron 57 pacientes tratados en el Instituto Roosevelt con diagnóstico de escoliosis congénita desde enero de 1994 hasta diciembre de 2004. Todos los pacientes presentaban por lo menos una alteración en algún sistema diferente al músculo esquelético. Las alteraciones intra espinales (64,91%), los defectos congénitos cardíacos (40,35%) y renales (28,07%), mostraron porcentajes elevados de asociación. Consideramos que dado el alto porcentaje de concordancia entre la escoliosis y los defectos congénitos en otros sistemas, se justifica la realización rutinaria de estudios complementarios.